The Gender-Differential Effect of Financial Inclusion on Household Financial Resilience

This paper applies the kernel propensity score matching difference-in-differences method to examine gender-differential effects of financial inclusion on household resilience, using repeated cross-sectional data from two successive large-scale surveys Ghanaian households. Applying standardised indices for and we find that significantly improves resilience. Results gender locality disaggregated analyses suggest effect resilience does not vary by or locality. different measures show savings formal account ownership yield more pronounced effect, with mobile money (m-money) exerting least impact. Remittances via m-money – sending receiving (a proxy social capital) provide significant effects, generally stronger in rural than urban areas, especially females.